Physics Term Exam Questions

phy-1109 PHY-1109 Physics

Physics Term Topic Categorization This compilation categorizes the questions from the provided physics exam excerpts (2016 to 2024) to facilitate topic-wise practice.

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TOPIC-WISE QUESTION CATEGORIZATION (2016–2024)

I. OSCILLATIONS AND MECHANICAL WAVES

Subtopic A: Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) Fundamentals

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Defination: simple harmonic motion	2016, 2017, 2018, 2021 2022, 2023, 2024
Explain simple harmonic motion and discuss its oscillatory behavior.	2016, 2023
Show graphical representation of the SHM.	2017, 2022
Derive the differential equation for SHM and show that its solution is of the form $y(t)=A\sin (\omega t+\varphi )$.	2017, 2024, 2024(becm)
Show in tabular form and graphically that simple harmonic motion is an oscillatory motion in terms of displacement velocity and acceleration.	2018, 2021, 2022
Discuss some basic characteristics of Simple Harmonic Motion.	2024(becm)

Subtopic B: SHM Energy, Superposition, and Calculations

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Show that the total energy of a particle executing simple harmonic motion is constant.	2016
Two SHM’s acting simultaneously on a particle are given by the equation. $Y_1=2\sin (\omega t+\pi /4)$ and $Y_2=3\sin (\omega t+\pi /3)$. Calculate (i) amplitude (ii) phase constant (iii) time period of the resultant vibration.	2016
Two SHM $y_1=5\sin (\omega t+\pi /2)$, $y_2=6\sin (\omega t+\pi /3)$. Determine (i) amplitude, (ii) phase constant, (iii) time period of the resultant vibration. Construct the equation.	2024(becm), 2024
What is superposition principle? Show that superposition principle is valid only in case of linear homogeneous equation.	2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2024(becm)
Derive an expression for energy of vibration of a vibrating system.	2021
A particle is moving simple harmonically… velocities $u_1$ and $u_2$ at $x_1$ and $x_2$… show that the period is given by $T=2\pi \sqrt{(x_1^2-x_2^2)/(u_2^2-u_1^2)}$. Find also its maximum velocity and amplitude.	2017
A SHM is presented by $y=12\sin (6t-\pi /3)$. Calculate the frequency, epoch, maximum displacement, velocity and acceleration at $t=0$ and $t=6$ seconds.	2018
Body vibrating with SHM of amplitude 15 cm and frequency 4 Hz. Determine maximum velocity/acceleration/speed when body is 9 cm from equilibrium.	2021
Force $F=5\sin (\pi t)$, displacement $y=0.50\sin (\pi t-\pi /4)$. Calculate the work done in 30 seconds and in 5 minutes.	2019
Force $F=25\sin (\pi t/10)$, displacement $Y=0.5\sin (\pi t/10-\pi /4)$. Calculate the work done by the excitation force in (i) 30 seconds and (ii) 5 minutes.	2020
Force $F=0.5\sin (2t)$, displacement $Y=0.5\sin (2t-\pi /2)$. Calculate the work done by the excitation force in (i) 12 minutes and (ii) one day.	2022
What are Lissajous figures? Derive an expression for two simple harmonic vibrations of equal time periods acting at right angles. Discuss when the phase difference $\varphi =0,\pi /2,\pi ,\pi /4,$ and $3\pi /4$.	2022, 2024, 2020
Draw the Lissajous’ figure using the following equations: $x=a\sin \omega t$ and $y=2a\sin 2\omega t$.	2017
Two SHM $x=a\sin (\omega t+\varphi )$, $y=b\sin (\omega t)$. Obtain the general equation of resultant vibration. Draw the Lissajous figures for $\varphi =\pi /2$ and $2\pi$.	2018

Subtopic C: Damped and Forced Oscillations / Resonance

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Discuss the sharpness of resonance.	2016
What are damped vibrations and forced vibrations? Derive an expression for power dissipation in damped harmonic oscillation.	2017, 2020
What is resonance? Derive an expression for maximum displacement of a driven oscillator.	2017, 2020
Under damped harmonic oscillator: amplitude reduced to 1/10th after 100 oscillations. T=1.25 sec. Calculate (i) damping constant and relaxation time, (ii) amplitude without damping.	2017, 2020
What is Damped oscillation? Write forces, construct and solve the differential equation, obtain critical damping condition.	2018
What is damped vibration? Derive and solve the differential equation of damped simple harmonic motion in LCR circuit.	2019, 2021
Define bandwidth of resonance. Derive an expression for bandwidth of resonance.	2019
Deduce the frequency and quality factor for a circuit with $L=2$ mH, $C=50\mu F$, and $R=2$ ohms.	2019
Derive and solve the differential equation of damped vibration in LCR circuit. Discuss the case when damping is small.	2021
Particle mass 2 gm, damping force $8\text{ dyne-sec/cm}$. Periodic force $250\sin (2t)$ dyne applied. Determine frequency for displacement resonance and velocity resonance.	2021
Obtain an expression for the displacement in the case of a LCR circuit. Discuss the effect of critical damping on the LCR circuit.	2023
Find whether the discharge of a condenser for the following inductive circuit is oscillatory: $C=0.1\mu F,L=10$ mH, $R=210$ ohms. If the circuit is oscillatory, calculate its frequency.	2023
Distinguish between free, forced and damped vibrations.	2024(becm)
Harmonic oscillator Q=12 subjected to sinusoidal force. (i) amplitude of forced oscillation (ii) angle $\varphi$ by which it will be out of phase with the driving force.	2024(becm)
Describe the term “Quality factor”. Derive an expression for the energy loss per cycle in a damped harmonic oscillator.	2024
Construct an expression for the displacement in the case of a damped oscillatory motion. Also find out the maximum displacement of a driven oscillator in case of resonance.	2024
Calculate the frequency and quality factor for a circuit with $L=5.2$ mH, $C=5\mu F$, and $R=0.35$ ohm.	2024

Subtopic D: Wave Motion (Progressive, Stationary, Group/Phase Velocity)

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Show that the energy of a plane progressive wave is $E=2{\pi }^2\rho n^2{a}^2$.	2016, 2021, 2023
What is meant by intensity of a plane progressive wave? Obtain an expression for the intensity of a plane progressive wave.	2024(becm)
What is wave velocity? Derive an expression for energy of a progressive wave.	2018
Wave along a string $y=0.02\sin (30t-4x)$. Find amplitude, frequency, speed and wavelength.	2018
What are stationary waves? Write down their properties.	2017, 2021
What is stationary wave? Discuss analytically the formation of stationary waves when reflection occurs at a free boundary. Why are they referred to as stationary waves?	2019
What are nodes and anti-nodes? Discuss the formation of stationary waves due to reflection at a free end boundary. Explain how characteristics change (i) with position and (ii) with time.	2024(becm)
Express mathematically that no energy is transfer in case of stationary wave.	2024
Stationary wave $y=0.8\sin (0.32x)\cos (16t)$. What are amplitude and velocity of individual waves?	2019
Define group velocity and phase velocity. Find a relation between them.	2023
What is phase velocity and group velocity?	2021, 2022
Mention the basic difference between phase velocity and group velocity. Establish the mathematical relation between them.	2024(becm)
Show that the group velocity depends on the medium through which the wave is transmitted.	2019, 2022

Subtopic E: Acoustics and Sound

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
What is Doppler’s effect in Sound? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency of a note when the source and the listener are (i) moving towards each other, (ii) moving away from each other.	2016
What is Doppler’s effect? Derive an expression for the apparent frequency of a note when (i) The source and observer is moving separately towards the stationary observer and source. (ii) The source and the listener are moving.	2018
What is Doppler’s effect in sound? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency of a note when the source and the listener are (i) moving towards each other and (ii) moving away from each other.	2022
Briefly explain the Doppler principle.	2017
Two aeroplanes pass each other… calculate the frequencies of the notes heard in the other aeroplane (i) before and (ii) after they have passed each other.	2016
Apparent frequency of whistle changes in ratio 6:5 as engine passes stationary observer. Calculate $V_{engine}$.	2022
What is Beats? Show that the number of beats produced per second is $f_1-f_2$.	2018, 2022
Define about beats. How are they produced? Analytically describe the formation of beats and prove that the number of beats per second is equal to the difference in frequency of the two notes.	2024(becm), 2024
What is bel and phone? Discuss the factors influencing loudness.	2016, 2024(becm)
Calculate the increase in the acoustic intensity level when the sound is doubled.	2017
Calculate the change in intensity level when the intensity of sound increases 100 times its original intensity.	2023
Calculate the (i) acoustic intensity (ii) acoustic pressure of a plane, acoustic wave in air of intensity level of 80 decibels reference to $10^{-12}{\text{ watt/m}}^2$.	2016, 2022
Calculate acoustic intensity and acoustic pressure of a plane acoustic wave in air of intensity level of 100 dB reference to $10^{-12}{\text{ watt/m}}^2$.	2021
Sound source $f=250$ Hz, $A=0.40$ cm. Determine rate of flow of energy per square cm.	2024(becm)
Sound source $f=256$ Hz, $A=5\times 10^{-5}$ m. Calculate the flow of energy across a square meter per second.	2024
Explain Sabine’s reverberation formula.	2016, 2022
Derive an expression for the growth and decay of sound in an auditorium and hence obtain Sabine’s reverberation formula.	2023, 2024(becm)
Write down the requisites for a good auditorium.	2017, 2023
Room volume 750 m${}^3$. Calculate average absorption coefficient and reverberation time given coefficients for walls, floor, and ceiling.	2024(becm)
Room $6\times 5\times 4$ meters. Calculate (i) mean free path of the sound wave, (ii) number of reflection made per second by the sound wave.	2023

II. OPTICS

Subtopic A: Interference

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Explain interference of light using suitable diagram. Discuss interference of light analytically and obtain the conditions of maximum and minimum intensities.	2016
What is interference of light? Discuss the important conditions for the interference of light.	2023
Why two independent light sources cannot produce interference fringes. Give diagrams showing how coherent sources are produced in (i) Newton’s ring arrangement and (ii) bi-prism arrangement.	2022
What are coherent sources of light? Show that the distance between two successive bright and dark fringes formed in Young’s experiment is $\beta =\lambda D/d$.	2017, 2019, 2024
Young’s double slit: intensity distribution $I_P=I_0{\cos }^2(\delta /2)$. Write condition for interference.	2021
Young’s double slit experiment: slit separation 1.9 mm, fringe spacing 0.31 mm at 1 m distance. Calculate $\lambda$.	2016
Two coherent sources 0.22 mm apart. Screen 70 cm away. 4th bright fringe is 10 mm from central fringe. Calculate $\lambda$.	2017
Light of wavelength $5500\text{A˚}$ incident on double slit. Fringe separation $1$ cm on screen $200$ cm away. Calculate (i) slit separation and (ii) fringe width.	2020
Discuss about the phenomenon of interference of light due to reflected light in thin film. Why do colors appear in thin film?	2016
Discuss interference pattern due to reflected light in thin film.	2022
What is interference of light? How can you determine the wavelength of light using a Fresnel’s biprism?	2017
Describe the Fresnel’s biprism method of producing interference fringes and determining the wavelength of light.	2020
Bi-prism calculation: $\lambda =5890\text{A˚}$, fringes 0.2 mm apart, $D=175$ cm. $\mu =1.5$. Prism is 5 cm from slit. Calculate angle at vertex.	2019
Bi-prism is placed 6 cm from slit. Fringes $0.05$ cm wide. $D=75$ cm. Find width of fringes observed if an eyepiece placed at 75 cm from the bi-prism.	2023

Subtopic B: Newton’s Rings

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
How can you obtain Newton’s rings in the laboratory? Discuss the determination of the wavelength of light by Newton’s ring.	2018
What is Newton’s ring? How formed? Derive expressions for diameter of dark and bright rings.	2019, 2023
Newton’s rings experiment: diameter of 5th ring was 0.336 cm, 15th ring=0.590 cm. Find the radius of curvature of the plano-convex lens, if the wavelength of the light used is $5890\text{A˚}$.	2016
Newton’s ring calculation: diameter of 15th ring 0.59 cm, 5th ring 0.336 cm. $R=100$ cm. Calculate $\lambda$.	2018, 2024
Newton’s ring calculation: diameter of 15th ring 0.59 cm, 5th ring 0.336 cm. Find R of plano-convex lens if $\lambda =5890\text{A˚}$.	2022

Subtopic C: Diffraction

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Discuss the Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit. Draw the intensity distribution for the diffraction pattern.	2016, 2018, 2022
Starting from the resultant displacement of Fraunhofer angle slit diffraction pattern derive expression for intensity of first, second and third secondary maxima.	2021
Define diffraction of light. Distinguish between single slit diffraction and double slit diffraction pattern.	2023
Interpret the fundamental difference between interference and diffraction. Hence write and explain the intensity distribution formula for Fraunhofer diffraction at double slit.	2024
Deduce the missing order for a double slit Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern if the width of the slit and the opaque space are 0.16 and 0.8 mm respectively.	2018
A plane grating has 15000 lines per inch. Find the angle of separation of the 5048 $A^{\circ }$ and 5016 $\text{A˚}$ lines of helium in the second order spectrum.	2016
What is meant by resolving power of a grating?	2022
Find an expression for the resolving power of a plane transmission grating. Mention some applications of grating.	2023
Plane transmission grating. Angle of diffraction for 2nd order principal maximum for $\lambda =5\times 10^{-5}$ cm is $30^{\circ }$. Calculate the number of lens (lines) in one cm of the grating surface.	2023

Subtopic D: Polarization

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
What do you mean by polarization of light? Explain how a Nicol prism produces plane polarized light.	2016
Discuss the constructional details of a Nicol prism. How can you use it as a polarizer and an analyzer?	2017
What is Nicol prism? How can it be used as a polarizer or as an analyzer?	2023
What do you mean by a polarizer and an analyzer? Write down the applications of polarization.	2022
What is polarization of light? Discuss Brewster’s law and hence show that the reflected and refracted rays are 90° apart.	2018
What is Malus law and Brewster’s law?	2021
Prove that in the case of polarization, the reflected and the refracted rays are right angles to each other.	2023, 2022, 2018
State and explain the polarization by double refraction and Brewster’s law or polarization by reflection.	2024
Calculate the Brewster’s angle of light which travels from air into the glass medium ($\mu =1.55$) into the air medium.	2021
Refractive index of crown glass 1.52. Find polarizing angle. If polarizing angle is about $59.50^{\circ }$, find refractive index of glass.	2023
How ordinary rays and extraordinary rays are distinguished?	2021
Discuss how can you prove light wave is a transverse wave.	2017
What is specific rotation of an optically active substance? Discuss the determination of specific rotation of sugar solution by means of a polarimeter.	2019
What do you mean by specific rotation?	2023
Calculate the specific rotation of a given sample of sugar solution if the plane of polarization is turned through 26.4°. The length of the tube containing 20% sugar solution is 20 cm.	2017, 2019

Subtopic E: Geometrical Optics (Lenses/Aberrations)

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Define equivalent lens and equivalent focal length. Explain the defects astigmatism, coma and curvature. Explain how they can be minimized.	2016
Two thin convex lenses $f_1=20$ cm, $f_2=2$ cm, separated by 2 cm. Calculate equivalent focal length and position of principal points.	2021
Describe the coefficient of chromatic aberration.	2021
What is chromatic aberration? Show that the circle of least confusion depends on the diameter of the lens aperture and dispersive power of the material, but is independent of the focal length of the lens.	2019
Two thin lenses in contact… ratio of dispersive powers of material equal to ratio of focal lengths… Show equivalent lens is achromatic.	2021
Explain Huygens’s principle.	2016, 2024

III. MODERN PHYSICS

Subtopic A: Special Theory of Relativity

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Two consequences of Michelson-Moreley experiment? Show that the speed of light is invariant under velocity addition.	2017
Discuss Michelson-Morley experiment and Show that there is no existence of ether in the universe.	2019
Differences between inertial and absolute frame? Derive length contraction starting from Lorentz transformation.	2018
Derive an expression for Einstein mass energy relation and hence show that the classical kinetic energy is only an approximation.	2017, 2018, 2020, 2021
Establish mathematically Einstein’s mass energy relationship. Explain the physical significance of this relation.	2019
Derive an expression for relativistic kinetic energy and hence prove that classical kinetic energy is only an approximation.	2020
What is proper time? Derive an expression for Einstein mass energy relation and show that at low speed relativistic kinetic energy should be equal to classical kinetic energy.	2021
Show that material object cannot travel as fast as light.	2020
A man has a mass of 100 Kg on the ground. When he is in a rocket ship in flight, his mass is 101 Kg… What is the speed of the rocket ship?	2017
A rocket ship is 100 m long on the ground. When it is in flight, its length is 99 m… What is its speed?	2018, 2019
Man 70 Kg (ground). 71 Kg (in rocket). What is speed of rocket ship?	2020

Subtopic B: Quantum Mechanics and Wave Mechanics

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
What is the photo electric effect? Write down the Einsteins hypothesis about photoelectric effect.	2016
What is photoelectric effect? What are the limitations of classical electromagnetic wave to explain it?	2017, 2019
Discuss the drawbacks of classical physics in explaining photoelectric effect.	2019
Derive Einstein’s photo-electric equation and explain the laws of photoelectric emission.	2023
Photoelectric effect: diagrams showing variation of (i) photoelectric current vs potential difference for three intensities, (ii) photoelectric current vs stopping potentials for three frequencies.	2021
Define photoelectric current, work function, threshold frequency, phase velocity, and group velocity.	2022
The photoelectric threshold frequency of silver is $0.86\times 10^{15}$ Hz. Calculate (i) the maximum kinetic energy, (ii) the stopping potential for $4\times 10^{15}$ Hz UV light.	2019
Metal threshold wavelength $6000\text{A˚}$. Calculate stopping potential when irradiated with (i) monochromatic light $\lambda =4000\text{A˚}$, (ii) light having twice the intensity and frequency.	2024
What is Compton shift? Briefly describe theory and obtain expression for change in wavelength of photon undergoing Compton scattering.	2024
Show that the Compton red shift is $\Delta \lambda ={\lambda }_c(1-\cos \theta )$.	2017, 2019, 2023
Show that the Compton shift ($\Delta \lambda$) is independent on the wavelength of the incident photon.	2021
X-ray photon of wavelength 0.3 $\text{A˚}$ undergoes a 60° Compton scattering. Find the wavelength of scattered photon and kinetic energy imparted to the recoiling electron.	2016
X-ray scattered by free electron. At 45°, ${\lambda }^{\prime }=0.22\text{A˚}$. What is the wavelength of direct beam?	2017
Deduce the time dependent Schrodinger wave equation. Give the significance of the wave equation.	2016
Show that the quantum physics gives the same results as classical physics in the limit of very large quantum numbers.	2018, 2022
What is quanta?	2023
An electron has de-Broglie wavelength of 2 PM. Find its Kinetic energy and the phase & group velocities of its de-Broglie waves.	2021
Calculate the wavelength associated with a thermal neutron of energy 0.025 eV.	2022

Subtopic C: Atomic Structure

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
What are the basic postulates of Bohr Atom Model? Calculate the limiting values of wavelengths of different spectral series of Hydrogen atom.	2018, 2020
State the postulates of Bohr atom model. Obtain the expressions for the radius and electron energy levels in the $n^{th}$ orbit for $H_2$ atom.	2024
Find the wavelength of the spectral line corresponding to the transition in the hydrogen atom from $n=4$ to $n=2$ state.	2020
How much energy is required to remove an electron in the $n=2$ state from a Hydrogen atom?	2018
State correspondence principle. Mention name of quantum numbers associated with vector atom model. Define space quantization.	2024
Discuss magnetic quantum number and total angular quantum number.	2022

Subtopic D: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Discuss the general properties of nucleus.	2019, 2021, 2022, 2024
Discuss the properties of nuclear forces.	2019
Discuss the properties of $\alpha$-particles and $\beta$-particles.	2022
What is radioactivity? State and explain radioactive decay law. From the decay law deduce an expression for half-life of a radioactive sample.	2016
Show that the average life period of a radioactive atom is the reciprocal of the radioactive constant.	2018, 2024
What is radio activity? Write down the properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays.	2017, 2023
Derive an expression for age of earth using radio-active dating and hence calculate the age of earth.	2017
Discuss radioactive dating and then estimate the age of the earth from the abundance of the two isotopes of uranium ${\text{U}}^{238}$ and ${\text{U}}^{206}$.	2020
Discuss secular equilibrium and transient equilibrium.	2019, 2021, 2022
Half-life of ${\text{U}}^{238}$ is $4.51\times 10^9$ years. What percentage of ${\text{U}}^{238}$ that existed $10^{10}$ years ago still survives?	2019, 2021, 2022
Half life of Radium is 1600 years. In how many years will $1$ gm of pure radium lose (i) one centigram, and (ii) be reduced to $1$ centigram.	2020, 2024
Half-life of Radium is 26.8 minutes. Calculate the amount of ${\text{Ra}}^{214}$ which activity is 1 curie.	2017
Half-life of Radon is 3.82 day. Find the time of decay to 60% of it.	2018
Draw binding energy curve and explain it with the help of fission and fusion.	2017, 2024
What is nuclear binding energy? Discuss the significance of average binding energy per nucleon.	2020
What is Binding energy and packing fraction of a nucleon? Draw BE curve. Show $B.E=A(M_n-M_H)+Z(M_p-M_n)C^2$.	2018
Calculate the mass defect and binding energy of a deuteron.	2016
Calculate the binding energy of a neutron in the ${}_3^7\text{Li}$ nucleus. Express the result in joules.	2023
Explain nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions with example. What is the source of energy release in nuclear fission? Calculate the energy released in a fission of ${}^{235}\text{U}$ nucleus.	2016
Explain nuclear fission and fusion reaction with examples. Hence write down the properties of $\alpha ,\beta$ and $\gamma$.	2023
Discuss C-N cycle for energy release by fusion.	2021
Explain the construction and working principle of a nuclear reactor.	2023
Discuss construction and working principle of a nuclear reactor with a proper diagram.	2024
State and explain criticality of a reactor. Write down the conditions to have controlled chain reaction.	2024
Calculate rate of consumption of ${\text{U}}^{235}$ per year for Roppur Nuclear Power Plant operating at 250 megawatts.	2024

Subtopic E: Uncertainty Principle

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
Prove that electron can not stay in the nucleus but within the atom on the basis of uncertainty principle.	2020
Show that electron cannot stay in the nucleus, but can stay in an atom.	2022
Applying uncertainty principle, show that an electron cannot be the part of a nucleus.	2024
Lifetime of an excited state $10^{-8}$ s. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in the energy of the excited state.	2023

IV. THERMODYNAMICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER (2024 ONLY)

Subtopic A: Thermal Physics and Thermodynamics

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
What is a thermocouple? Explain neutral temperature and inversion temperature.	2024(becm)
Describe a Platinum resistance thermometer. Explain how it works with the help of Calendar and Griffith’s bridge. Give its correction.	2024(becm)
The pressure of air in a constant volume thermometer is 80 cm ($0^{\circ }$C) and 109.2 cm ($100^{\circ }$C). Bulb in hot water, pressure is 100 cm. Find the temperature of hot water.	2024(becm)
State first law of thermodynamics and mention its physical significance. Distinguish between isothermal and adiabatic process.	2024(becm)
Define thermal conductivity. Show that, in the steady state of a metal bar heated at one end $\frac{d^2\theta }{d{x}^2}=0$.	2024(becm)
When a system contains 3 moles of monoatomic gas at the temperature 350K changes to 298K by adiabatic expansion. What will be the value of work done by the system?	2024(becm)
What is Carnot’s Reversible engine? Obtain an expression for the efficiency of Carnot’s engine in term’s of temperature.	2024(becm)
Mention the physical significance of entropy. Obtain the expression for entropy of a perfect gas in term of pressure volume and specific heat.	2024(becm)
Calculate the change in entropy when 10g of water at $60^{\circ }$C is mixed with 30g water at $20^{\circ }$C.	2024(becm)

Subtopic B: Properties of Matter

Question	Year(s) of Appearance
If Y, K, $\eta$ and $\sigma$ are constants. Derive the relationships connecting (i) Y, K and $\sigma$, (ii) K, $\eta$ and $\sigma$.	2024(becm)
What is capillarity? Obtain the expression for the surface tension of water by capillary rise.	2024(becm)
Calculate the terminal velocity of an air bubble of radius $2\times 10^{-5}$ m rising in water.	2024(becm)