Word Conversion Rules

english hum-1109 Hum-1109 Technical English

1. Same Word Used as Different Parts of Speech (Usage)
2. Conversion of Words (Changing the form, e.g., Noun $\to$ Verb)

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Part 1: Same Word Used as Different Parts of Speech

Task: You are given a word (e.g., “Water”) and asked to use it as a specific part of speech (e.g., “Verb”) in a sentence.

The Master Rule Book (From Munshi Sir’s Slides)

Memorize these standard examples. They are the “safe” answers.

Word	Part of Speech	Example Sentence
About	Adverb	He is walking about.
	Preposition	What do you know about him?
Above	Noun	I look for help from above.
	Adjective	Write the substance of the above passage.
	Adverb	Look above.
	Preposition	He is above meanness.
After	Adjective	His after life was miserable.
	Adverb	He came soon after.
	Preposition	He stood after me.
	Conjunction	He went after we had left.
All	Noun	I have lost my all.
	Adjective	All men must die.
	Pronoun	All of us know it.
	Adverb	He came all on a sudden.
Any	Adjective	Any pen will do.
	Noun	Point out the error if there be any.
	Adverb	I cannot bear this any longer.
As	Relative Pron.	This is the same book as that.
	Adverb	Come as soon as you can.
	Conjunction	As he is ill, he cannot go.
Back	Noun	He struck me on the back.
	Adjective	He escaped by the back door.
	Verb	The criminal is backed by his godfather.
	Adverb	He came back as soon as possible.
Before	Adverb	I saw him once before.
	Preposition	He stood before me.
	Conjunction	Look before you leap.
Better	Noun	Respect your betters.
	Adjective	He is a better singer than I.
	Adverb	He knows English better than I.
	Verb	Try to better your lot.
Both	Adjective	Both the boys must be guilty.
	Pronoun	Both of them were present.
	Adverb	He is both dead and buried.
	Conjunction	Both he and Sam must be guilty.
But	Relative Pron.	There is none but shed tears.
	Adverb	You are but (=only) a mere child.
	Preposition	None but him was present there.
	Conjunction	He is poor but honest.
	Verb	But me no buts.
	Noun	But me no buts.
Close	Noun	The ceremony came to a close.
	Adjective	He is my close friend.
	Verb	The school closes at 3 p.m.
	Adverb	Our exam is close at hand.
Down	Noun	He sleeps on a bed of down (feather).
	Adjective	He lives in the down town.
	Adverb	The sun has gone down.
	Preposition	The boat is sailing down the river.
Fast	Noun	A well-timed fast is better than a cure.
	Adjective	He is my fast friend.
	Adverb	Go fast.
	Verb	He fasts every Monday.
Last	Noun	He will fight to the last.
	Adjective	I will go by the last train.
	Verb	It will last long.
	Adverb	He came last.
Long	Noun	He will come before long.
	Adjective	It is a long story.
	Verb	Students long for holidays.
	Adverb	It will last long.
Much	Adjective	It gives me much pleasure.
	Pronoun	Too much of anything is bad.
	Adverb	It will not harm me much.
Near	Adjective	He is a near relation of mine.
	Verb	The depression is nearing the shore.
	Adverb	Come near.
	Preposition	I saw him near the station.
Next	Noun	Details will be given in my next.
	Adjective	He came the next day.
	Adverb	He came next.
	Preposition	He sat next to me.
Past	Noun	I cannot forget the past.
	Adjective	My past life was miserable.
	Adverb	I saw him hasten past.
	Preposition	It is half past four now.
Right	Noun	You have no right to say this.
	Adjective	Show me your right hand.
	Verb	Right the wrong.
	Adverb	He walked right across the garden.
Round	Noun	It is your round now.
	Adjective	Draw a round figure.
	Verb	The earth rounds the sun.
	Adverb	The earth moves round and round.
	Preposition	Drake sailed round the earth.
Still	Noun	He came in the still of night.
	Adjective	The night is still.
	Verb	Still the child.
	Adverb	He is still there.
	Conjunction	He is weak, still he went.
Well	Noun	A well was dug there.
	Adjective	I am quite well.
	Adverb	You have done well.
	Interjection	Well, what do you want?
Wrong	Noun	He has done no wrong.
	Adjective	You have followed the wrong path.
	Verb	You have wronged me.
	Adverb	You led me wrong.

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Part 2: PYQ Practice (Usage of Same Word)

These are questions from 2015–2024 where you must use the given word as a specific part of speech.

• 2024 (CSE):
  • Phone (as verb): I will phone you tomorrow.
  • Time (as adjective): This is a time limit. [External note: ‘Time’ here is a noun adjunct acting as adjective].
  • Disturb (as noun): Don’t create any disturbance. (Note: The prompt asks for “Disturb” as noun, which usually requires changing form to “Disturbance”. If strictly same word: The disturb is unbearable (Incorrect grammar). Usually implies conversion to Disturbance).
  • Morning (as adverb): He works morning shift. (Strictly adj/noun. Adverb usage: See you morning and night).
  • Report (as verb): Please report to the office.
  • Easy (as noun/adj?): He is an easy-going person.
• 2023:
  • After (as adj): The after effects were bad.
  • Enough (as noun): I have had enough of this.
  • But (as conj): He is poor but honest.
  • Round (as prep): The earth moves round the sun.
  • Oil (as verb): Oil your own machine.
  • Near (as adj): He is a near relation.
• 2022:
  • About (as prep): We talked about politics.
  • Back (as verb): I will back you up.
  • Back (as adv): Come back soon.
  • Close (as noun): The event came to a close.
  • Down (as adj): He is on the down train.
  • Either (as conj): Either come or go.
• 2020:
  • Above (noun): Blessings come from above.
  • Above (adj): Read the above sentence.
  • Above (adv): Look above.
  • After (conj): He came after I had left.
• 2019:
  • Last (verb): The meeting lasted an hour.
  • Last (adv): He came last.
  • One (pronoun): One must do one’s duty.
  • Near (verb): The boat is nearing the shore.
  • Book (adj): I have book knowledge.
  • Close (noun): The meeting came to a close.
• 2018:
  • After (adj): In after years, he was happy.
  • But (pronoun): There is no one but knows him.
  • Table (verb): They tabled the motion.
  • Bed (verb): I will bed the plants down for winter. [External: “To put to bed”]
• 2017:
  • Measure (noun): Take the measure of the room.
  • Object (verb): I object to your proposal.
  • Park (verb): Park the car here.
  • Round (noun): The first round is over.
  • Round (adj): A ball is round.
  • Second (verb): I second the motion.
• 2016:
  • Academic (noun): He is a famous academic.
  • Accessory (noun): Buy an accessory for the car.
  • Backlight (verb): Backlight the subject for a silhouette.
  • Baffle (noun): The sound baffle reduced the noise. [External: Rare usage, usually verb. Verb: The question baffled me.]
  • Bag (verb): He bagged the first prize.
• 2015:
  • Book (verb): Book a ticket.
  • Book (adj): I hate book knowledge.
  • That (adj): Look at that bird.
  • That (pronoun): That is my pen.
  • Watch (verb): Watch the game.
  • But (adverb): It is but (=only) a joke.

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Part 3: Conversion of Words (Change Form & Sentence)

Task: Change the word to the specified part of speech (e.g., “Beauty” to Verb $\to$ “Beautify”) and make a sentence with the NEW word.

The Master Rule Book (From Slides & Notes)

Original	Converted Form	Example Sentence
Able	Ably (Adv)	He performs his duty very ably.
	Enable (Verb)	This will enable you to pass.
Beauty	Beautify (Verb)	Flowers beautify the garden.
	Beautifully (Adv)	She sings beautifully.
Create	Creative (Adj)	He is a creative writer.
	Creatively (Adv)	He writes very creatively.
Danger	Endanger (Verb)	Do not endanger your life.
	Dangerous (Adj)	The lion is dangerous.
Enjoy	Enjoyable (Adj)	The party was enjoyable.
	Enjoyably (Adv)	The evening passed enjoyably.
Familiar	Familiarise (Verb)	Familiarise yourself with the rules.
	Familiarity (Noun)	His familiarity with the subject is good.
Glory	Glorify (Verb)	Do not glorify war.
	Glorious (Adj)	It was a glorious victory.
Hate	Hatred (Noun)	Hatred is a curse.
	Hateful (Adj)	It is a hateful crime.
Imagine	Imaginary (Adj)	It is an imaginary story.
	Imaginatively (Adv)	He writes imaginatively.
Mystery	Mystify (Verb)	The trick mystified me.
	Mysterious (Adj)	It is a mysterious place.
Negotiate	Negotiation (Noun)	The negotiation failed.
People	Populate (Verb)	They populate the island.
Tolerance	Tolerable (Adj)	The pain is tolerable.
	Tolerably (Adv)	I play the piano tolerably well.
Ear	Aural (Adj)	We are studying aural anatomy.
Mouth	Oral (Adj)	It was an oral exam.
Spring	Vernal (Adj)	The vernal breeze is refreshing.

PYQ Practice (Conversion)

• 2024 (CSE):
  • Father (adj) $\to$ Fatherly: He gave me fatherly advice.
  • Glass (verb) $\to$ Glaze: The potter will glaze the pot.
  • Court (adj) $\to$ Courtly: He has courtly manners.
  • Moral (noun) $\to$ Morality: The story teaches morality.
  • Large (verb) $\to$ Enlarge: Please enlarge the photo.
• 2024:
  • Shift (verb) $\to$ Shift: Shift the table.
  • Light (verb) $\to$ Light: Light the candle.
  • Pray (adj) $\to$ Prayerful: He was in a prayerful mood.
• 2023:
  • Force (verb) $\to$ Force: Don’t force me.
  • Force (adv) $\to$ Forcefully: He spoke forcefully.
  • Village (adj) $\to$ Rural (or Village as adj): I like rural life.
  • Fool (verb) $\to$ Fool: Don’t fool me. (or Befool).
  • Amplify (noun) $\to$ Amplification: The amplification was loud.
• 2022:
  • Study (adj) $\to$ Studious: She is a studious girl.
  • Slave (verb) $\to$ Enslave: They tried to enslave the people.
  • People (adj) $\to$ Popular: He is a popular leader.
  • Father (adj) $\to$ Fatherly: He showed fatherly love.
• 2021:
  • Village (adj) $\to$ Rural.
  • Mouth (adj) $\to$ Oral.
  • Able (verb) $\to$ Enable.
  • Harmony (verb) $\to$ Harmonize.
  • Approve (noun) $\to$ Approval.
  • Hate (noun) $\to$ Hatred.
• 2019:
  • Alternate (adj) $\to$ Alternative: We have an alternative plan.
  • Dip (verb) $\to$ Dip: Dip the pen in ink.
  • Awful (noun) $\to$ Awfulness: The awfulness of the scene shocked us.
  • Blood (verb) $\to$ Bleed: The wound began to bleed.
  • Security (adj) $\to$ Secure: We are safe and secure.
• 2018:
  • Martyr (noun) $\to$ Martyrdom (State): His martyrdom inspired us.
  • Grace (adj) $\to$ Graceful: She is graceful.
  • Beauty (verb) $\to$ Beautify: Trees beautify the land.
  • Inferior (noun) $\to$ Inferiority: He suffers from an inferiority complex.
• 2017:
  • Eradicate (noun) $\to$ Eradication.
  • Private (noun) $\to$ Privacy.
  • Loveliness (adj) $\to$ Lovely.
  • Choose (noun) $\to$ Choice.
  • Advice (verb) $\to$ Advise (Note spelling: ‘s’).
• 2015:
  • Love (adj) $\to$ Lovely.
  • Succeed (noun) $\to$ Success.
  • Cancel (noun) $\to$ Cancellation.
  • Audacious (noun) $\to$ Audacity.
  • Noble (verb) $\to$ Ennoble.

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Expert Comments & Hacks

1. The “Noun to Adjective” Trap:

   • Some words have irregular adjectives.
   • Mouth $\to$ Oral (Not Mouthy)
   • Ear $\to$ Aural
   • Spring $\to$ Vernal
   • Cat $\to$ Feline (External addition)
   • Dog $\to$ Canine (External addition)

2. The “Verb Creation” Hack:

   • If asked to make a verb from an adjective/noun, try adding en- (Large $\to$ Enlarge, Noble $\to$ Ennoble, Rich $\to$ Enrich) or -ify (Beauty $\to$ Beautify, Glory $\to$ Glorify).

3. Use Simple Sentences:

   • When making sentences, keep it simple.
   • Noun: “I like [Noun].” (e.g., I like rural life.)
   • Verb: “Please [Verb] it.” (e.g., Please enlarge it.)
   • Adjective: “It is [Adj].” (e.g., It is dangerous.)